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Category Archives: Cancer / Oncology Nursing
Uterine (endometrial) cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• obesity, diabetes mellitus
• hypertension
• nulliparity
• polycystic ovary disease Read More
Thyroid cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• associated with exposure to external head and neck irradiation Read More
Testicular cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• cryptorchidism
• systemic infections
• epididymitis Read More
Spinal cord cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• unknown, but may develop as a consequence to metastatic tumors from lungs, breasts, the kidney and GI tract
Read More
Skin cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• sun exposure Read More
Prostate cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• age, race, familial history
• alcohol intake Read More
Penile cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Males who are uncircumcised
Clinical Manifestations: Read More
Pancreatic cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Exposure to chemicals
• High-fat diet Read More
Ovarian cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• familial history
• diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy for pregnant woman
• DES in utero Read More
Oral cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• associated with use of alcohol and tobacco, including smokeless tobacco Read More
Multiple myeloma
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• unclear Read More
Lung cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• smoking
• occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances (asbestos, coal, dust) Read More
Liver cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• factors include hepatitis B infection
• chronic liver disease
• anabolic steroid use Read More
Laryngeal cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• familial tendency
• cigarette smoking
• chronic vocal straining
• prolonged alcohol ingestion Read More
Kidney cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• tobacco use
• occupational exposure to industrial chemicals Read More
Gastric cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Diet high in smoked foods
• Lack of fruits and vegetables Read More
Esophageal cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Chronic irritation
• Ingestion of alcohol and tobacco use Read More
Colon cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Familial history
• Chronic inflammatory bowel disease
• Polyps Read More
Cervical cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Unknown
• Associated factors are multiple sex partners
• Early sexual activity Read More
Breast cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Exact cause unknown
• Familial history Read More
Brain cancer (gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, neurinomas)
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Unknown, but areas under investigation include:
• genetic changes, Read More
Bone tumors
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Unclear
• Osteogenic sarcoma: <20 years old
• Chondorsarcoma: adult males
• Multiple myeloma: 50 to 70 years old Read More
Bladder Cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors:
• Carcinogens in the workplace, such as dyes, rubber, leather, ink or paint
• Recurrent bacterial infection of urinary tract
• Smoking
Medical and Nursing Management of Cancers
I. Definition
Cancer is the general name given to a large group of diseases characterized by:
• Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
• Proliferation (i.e. rapid reproduction by cell division)
• Metastasis (i.e. spread or transfer of cancer cells from one organ or part to another not directly connected) Read More