I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Assesses exercise tolerance (especially important in arterial disorders) and for pain caused by tissue ischemia. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered peripheral vascular function include arterial insufficiency (e.g. pain with exercise, rest pain, absent or diminished pulses, dependent rubor) and venous insufficiency (e.g. aching, cramping, pulses are present, peripheral edema) Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered nose, sinus and throat function include: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms include: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms include: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered hematologic function include: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Explore the client’s history for risk factors associated with renal and urinary disorders, including: Read More »
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I. Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered hepatic, biliary and pancreatic function include: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered muscoloskeletal function include: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
• Explore the client’s history for risk factors associated with neurologic disease including, unsafe behavior (e.g. driving too fast, driving while drinking, diving into unknown waters), atherosclerosis, and family history. Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
• Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Elicit a description of the client’s overall health status. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered integumentary function are changes in size, formation, or texture of any type of skin lesion (e.g. mole, wart) and any type of disease or injury that causes the integrity of the skin to be penetrated. Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Elicit a description of the client’s overall health status, including immunizations status, usual childhood disease, known allergies and a history of past and present medications. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered immunity are subsequently described: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered endocrine and metabolic function include: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. This can provide sufficient information for diagnosis. Symptoms indicating altered GI function include: Read More »
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I.Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms indicating altered cardiovascular function include: Read More »
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I. Assessment
Health history
Elicit a description of the client’s present illness and chief complaints, including onset, course, duration, location, and precipitating and alleviating factors. Cardinal signs and symptoms of respiratory dysfunction include: Read More »
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Assessment
Surgery of the hand or wrist, unless related to major trauma, is generally an ambulatory surgery procedure. Before surgery, the nurse assesses the patient’s level and type of discomfort and limitations in function caused by the ganglion, carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren’s contracture, or other condition of the hand. Read More »
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Assessment
Surgery of the foot may be necessary because of various conditions, including neuromas and foot deformities (bunion, hammer toe, clawfoot). Generally, foot surgery is performed on an outpatient basis. Before surgery, the nurse assesses the patient’s ambulatory ability and balance and the neurovascular status of the foot. Additionally, the nurse considers the availability of assistance at home and the structural characteristics of the home in planning for care during the first few days after surgery. The nurse uses these data, in addition to knowledge of the usual medical management of the condition, to formulate appropriate nursing diagnoses. Read More »
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Assessment
Assessment of the patient is focused on hydration status, current medication history, and possible infection. Adequate hydration is an important goal for orthopedic patients. Immobilization and bed rest contribute to DVT, to urinary stasis and associated bladder infections, and to kidney stone formation. Adequate hydration decreases blood viscosity and venous stasis and ensures adequate urine flow. To determine preoperative hydration status, the nurse assesses the skin and mucous membranes, vital signs, urinary output, and laboratory values.
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Assessment
When obtaining the history, the nurse asks about the patient’s presenting signs and symptoms. Does the patient have heartburn, indigestion, nausea, or vomiting? Do the symptoms occur at any specific time of the day, before or after meals, after ingesting spicy or irritating foods, or after the ingestion of certain drugs or alcohol? Has there been recent weight gain or loss? Are the symptoms related to anxiety, stress, allergies, Read More »
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Assessment
A careful nursing history and assessment of symptoms are important. The extent and type of pain are carefully assessed, as are the appearance and temperature of the skin of both legs. The quality of all peripheral pulses is Read More »
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Assessment
The health history and physical examination provide important data about the type of anemia involved, the extent and type of symptoms it produces, and the impact of those symptoms on the patient’s life. Weakness, fatigue, and general malaise are common, as are pallor of the skin and mucous membranes Read More »
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Assessment
The nurse takes a health history to identify the onset, duration, and characteristics of abdominal pain; the presence of diarrhea or fecal urgency, straining at stool (tenesmus), nausea, anorexia, or weight loss; and family history of IBD. It is important to discuss dietary patterns, including the amounts of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine containing products used daily and weekly. The nurse asks about patterns of bowel elimination, including character, frequency, and Read More »
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