- Occurs when amniotic fluid is forced into an open maternal uterine blood sinus through some defect in the membranes or after membranes rupture or abruptio placenta.
- Solid particles in the amniotic fluid such as skin cells may enter maternal circulation and reach the lungs as small emboli.
- It may occur during labor or in the post-partal period.
- Unpreventable
- Risk factors include:
1. Oxytocin administration
2. Abruptio placenta
3. Polyhydramnios
- Assessment: Dramatic clinical picture
- Woman in strong labor sits up suddenly and grasps her chest because of inability to breathe and sharp pain.
- Marked pallor progressing to cyanosis.
- Management:
- Oxygen administration of facemask or cannula.
- Start CPR as necessary.
- Prognosis depends on the size of the emboli and the speed and adequacy of emergency measures given to her.
- DIC may develop from the presence of particles in the blood stream. In this situation, intubation and fibrinogen therapy may be necessary.
- Close maternal and fetal monitoring.