Role: Functions of copper-containing enzymes include antioxidant activity; participation in electron transport, synthesis of connective tissue, synthesis of melanin; myelination of nerve tissue. It is involved with immune function and heart health. The copper-containing enzyme ceruloplasmin catalyzes oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron.
Deficiency: Anemia, bone abnormalities, immune impairment. Menkes’ syndrome is a rare, usually fatal genetic disorder causing copper deficiency.
Sources: Liver, seafood, nuts, whole grain products, seeds, legumes.
Toxicity: Wilson’s disease is a genetic disorder of copper retention; untreated it causes nerve and liver problems.
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