Role: A component of bones and teeth; promotes bone and tooth formation; discourages tooth decay; may reduce risk of osteoporosis.
Deficiency: Increased tooth decay; possibly increased risk of bone fractures from osteoporosis.
Sources: Water, fluoridated or with naturally occurring fluoride. Beverages and foods made with fluoride-containing water.
Toxicity: Chronic excessive consumption causes fluorosis: discoloration of the teeth, kidney problems, possible muscle or nerve problems. Chronic intake of 2-8 mg daily can mottle children’s teeth. Acute fluoride toxicity causes headaches, nausea, abnormal heart rhythm.