Role: As part of coenzymes NAD and NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/phosphate), it functions in energy metabolism and synthesis of fatty acids, steroid hormones, DNA, and amino acids.
Deficiency: Pellagra deficiency disease: The 4 Ds – dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, death. Rough, darkened skin rash where exposed to sun. Inflamed mouth and tongue. Neuritis, confusion, anxiety.
Sources: Eggs, organ meats, meats, poultry, fish, peas, peanuts, soybeans. Enriched or fortified grain products; whole-grain products. Milk, cheese, yogurt. (Tryptophan can be converted to niacin).
Toxicity: Rash, headache, nausea, glucose intolerance, blurred vision.
Extremely high doses are associated with liver damage.
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