I. Definition
• Acute renal failure is defined as sudden, rapid, potentially reversible deterioration of renal function. Read More »
I. Definition
• Pneumonia is an inflammatory process involving the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar space and walls, and lobes, caused primarily by chemical irritants or by specific bacterial, viral, fungal, mycoplasmal, or parasitic organisms. Read More »
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• Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the throat that can be acute or chronic. Read More »
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Injury to the chest wall or lungs can interfere with inspiration, gas exchange or expiration. Types of injuries include: Read More »
I. Definition
• Pleurisy refers to inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleurae. When inflamed, pleural membranes rub together. Read More »
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• Epistaxis is a severe nosebleed. Read More »
I. Definition
• Acute respiratory failure (ARF) results when the exchange of oxygen (O2) for carbon dioxide (CO2) in the normal lungs cannot match the rate of O2 consumption and CO2 production in body cells. Read More »
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• Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid in the pleural space, which is located between the visceral and parietal surfaces. Read More »
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of disorders associated with persistent or recurrent obstruction of airflow, which include chronic bronchitis and emphysema. These conditions frequently overlap. Most commonly, bronchitis and emphysema occur together. Read More »
I. Definition
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by pulmonary edema and progressive decrease in arterial oxygen (O2) content. It occurs after a serious illness or injury and accumulation of lung fluids, also known as noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. ARDS has been associated with a mortality rate as high as 50% to 60%. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment increase survival rate. Read More »
I. Definition
• Varicose veins are abnormally dilated veins with incompetent valves occurring most commonly in the lower extremities and lower trunk, usually in the great and small saphenous veins. Read More »
I. Definition
• Thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein accompanied by the formation of thrombus (blood clot), which can be dislodged and lead to pulmonary emboli. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a term often used for this venous complication, which most commonly occurs in the deep veins of the lower extremities. Read More »
I. Definition
• Raynaud’s disease is a form of intermittent arteriolar vasoconstriction. The term Raynaud’s phenomenon is used to refer to localized, intermittent episodes of vasoconstriction of small arteries of the feet and hands that cause color and temperature changes. Read More »
I. Definition
• Buerger’s diseae or thromboangiitis obliterans is an occlusive disease mostly located in small to medium-sized arteries and less frequently in veins. Commonly found in the upper and lower distal extremities. In prolonged cases, large extremities vessels may be affected. Buerger’s disease is generally bilateral and symmetric with focal lesions. Read More »
I. Definition
• Peripheral arterial occlusive disease is a form of arteriosclerosis involving occlusion of arteries, most commonly in the lower extremities.
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I. Definition
• An aneurysm is a dilation involving an artery formed at a weak point in the vessel wall, the aneurysms may be saccular (i.e. on one side of vessel only) or fusiform (i.e. entire arterial segment becomes dilated). Read More »
I. Definition
• Peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera. Read More »
I. Definition
• Esophagitis is the inflammation of the esophageal mucosa. It may be acute or chronic. Read More »
I. Definition
• Peptic ulcer disease involves ulcers, circumscribed breaks in the mucosa, involving the duodenum (duodenal ulcers), the stomach (gastric ulcers) and less commonly the distal esophagus and the jejunum. Read More »
I. Definition
• Diverticulitis - is a condition involving inflammation of diverticula, small saccular herniations int the colonic wall.
• Diverticulosis – exists when multiple diverticula are present without inflammation or symptoms. Read More »
I. Definition
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder of GI motility not associated with anatomic changes. It is also known as spastic colon or irritable colon. Read More »
I. Definition
• The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is used to identify two chronic inflammatory GI disorders; regional enteritis (i.e. Crohn’s disease) and ulcerative colitis. Read More »
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• Stomatitis is the inflammation of the oral mucosa. Read More »
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• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is excessive reflux of hydrochloric acid into the esophagus. Read More »
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• Appendicitis is inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Read More »
I. Definition
• Jaundice is a symptom or syndrome characterized by increased bilirubin concentration in blood. It is classified as hemolytic, hepatocellular, or obstructive.
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I. Definition
• Cirrhosis is a chronic, degenerative liver disease marked by diffuse destruction and fibrotic regeneration of hepatic cells. It is classified as Laennac, posthepatic, or biliary cirrhosis. Read More »
I. Definition
Hepatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the liver parenchyma occurring in hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and toxic or drug-induced hepatitis. Read More »
I. Definition
• Chronic pancreatitis is progressive pancreatic inflammation resulting in permanent structural damage to pancreatic tissue. Read More »
I. Definition
• Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurologic syndrome that develops as a complication of liver disease. It may be acute and self-limiting or chronic and progressive. Read More »
