Role: As part of coenzyme A, it has many metabolic activities, including energy production and synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones, and proteins.
Deficiency: Irritability, fatigue, apathy, nausea, vomiting, tingling, muscle cramps. (Deficiency symptoms seen only in experimental settings.)
Sources: Widely distributed in most foods. Eggs, milk, yogurt. Fish, shellfish, meat, poultry. Peas, potatoes, winter squash.
Toxicity: Not determined.