1. Aminophylline (Theophylline & Ethylenediamine)
A: Inhibits phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades camp, thereby relaxing smooth muscle of bronchial airways & pulmo. BV; ease breathing
Ix: Symptomatic relief of bronchospasm, chronic bronchial asthma
SE: Arrhythmias, respiratory arrest
Cix: active PUD, seizure d/os [unless anticonvulsant therapy is given]
2. Bumetanide
A: promotes Na & H2O excretion
Ix: Edema in HF, hepatic or renal disase
SE: RF, thrombocytopenia
Cix: Anuria/ hepatic coma/ sev. Electrolyte depletion
3. Ca Gluconate
A: replaces and maintains Ca; raises bld. Ca level
Ix: Hypocalcemic emergency/hypocalcemic tetany/ adjunct tx of cardiac arrest/ adjunct tx of magnesium intoxication
SE: bradycardia, arrththmias & cardias arrest
Cix: ventricular fib, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia / renal calculi/ digitalized patients, sarcoidosis & RF/Cardiac disease
4. Diazepam
A: relieves anxiety, ms. Spasm & seizures [parenteral form]; promotes calmness & sleep
Ix: anxiety, before endoscopic procedures, ms. Spasm, pre-op sedation, cardioversion, adjunct in seizure d/os, status epilepticus.
SE: bradycardia, CV collapse, respiratory depression, withdrawal syndrome
Cix: children 6 mos. Below, angle-closure glaucoma, shock, coma; acute alcohol intoxication: 1st tri of pregnancy, breast feeding, hepatic or renal impairment, depression; chronic open angle glaucoma; elderly & debilitated pxs.
5. Diclofenac Na
A: relieves inflammation, pain & fever
Ix: analgesia & primary dysmenorrhea
SE: HF, laryngeal edema, Acute RF, nephritic synd.
Cix: hepatic porphyria, a hx of asthma, urticaria
6. Diphenhydramine HCl
A: relieves allergy sxs, promotes sleep & calmness
Ix: allergy sxs., sedation, nonproductive cough
SE: seizures, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, a. shock
Cix: acute asthma, pyloroduodenal & bladder-neck obstruction
7. Epinephrine [Adrenaline, Bitartrate, Hydrocholoride]
A: relaxes bronchial smooth ms, causes cardiac stim., dec. pain sensation, stops local bleeding
Ix: bronchospasm, hypersensitivity rxns, anaphylaxis, hemostasis, restoration of cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest
SE: cerebral hemorrhage, CVA, VF, shock
Cix: shock, organic brain damage, arrhythmia, CI, CAS
8. Esmolol HCl
A: restores normal sinus rhythm; antiarrhythmic
Ix: supraventricular tachycardia, ctrl of ventricular rate in AF
SE: hypotension, bronchospasm
Cix: sinus bradycardia, HB>1st degree CS or overt HF; impaired kidney function, diabetes, bronchospasm
9. Heparin Na
A: dec. the ability of blood to clot; anticoagulant
Ix: DVT, pulmo. Embolism, embolism prevention, maintaining patency of IV indwelling cath.
SE: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, white clot synd
Cix: active bleeding; suspect ICH; inaccessible ulcerative lesions & open ulcerative wounds; extensive denudation of skin
10. Hydrocortisone
A: reduce inflammation
Ix: sev. Inflammation, shock, adrenal insufficiency
SE: HF, arrhythmias, thromboembolism
Cix: recent MI, HPN, DM, osteoporosis