MUSCLES OF THE HEAD & NECK
ORBICULARIS OCULI – encircles eyelid – closes eye
LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIOSIS – back of orbit to upper eyelid – opens eye
ORBICULARIS ORIS – encircles mouth – closes lips
BUCCINATOR – fleshy part of the cheek – flattens check; helps in eating, whistling and blowing wind instruments
TEMPORAL – above and near ear – closes jaw
MASSETER – at angle of jaw – closes jaw
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID – along side of neck, to mastoid process – flexes head, rotates head towards opposite side from muscle
MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES
TRAPEZIUS – back of neck & upper back, to clavicle scapula – raises shoulder and pulls it back, extends head
LATISSIMUS DORSI – middle and lower back, to humerus – extends and adducts arm behind back
PECTORALIS MAJOR – upper, anterior chest, to humerus – flexes and adducts arm across chest, pulls shoulder forward and downward
SERRATUS ANTERIOR – below axilla on side of chest, to scapula – moves scapula forward, aids in raising arm
DELTOID – covers shoulder joint, to lateral humerus – abducts arm
BICEPS BRACHII – anterior arm, to radius – flexes forearm and supinates hand
TRICEPS BRACHII – posterior arm, to ulna – extends forearm
FLEXOR AND EXTENSOR CARPI GROUPS – anterior and posterior forearm, to hand – flex and extend hand
FLEXOR AND EXTENSOR DIGITORUM GROUPS – anterior and posterior forearm, to fingers – flex and extend fingers
MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK
DIAPHRAGM – dome-shaped partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities – dome descends to enlarge thoracic cavity from top to bottom
INTERCOSTALS – between ribs – elevate ribs and enlarge thoracic cavity
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL OBLIQUE: TRANSVERSUS AND RECTUS ABDOMINIS – anterolateral abdominal wall – compress abdominal cavity; expels substances from the body, flex spinal column
LEVATOR ANI – pelvic floor – aids defecation
SACROSPINALIS – deep in back, vertical mass – extends vertebral column to produce erect posture
MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS – superficial buttock, to femur – extends thigh
GLUTEUS MEDIUS – deep buttock, to femur – abducts thigh
ILIOPSOAS – covers front of hip joint, to femur – flexes thigh
ADDUCTOR GROUP – medial thigh, to femur – adducts thigh
SARTORIUS – winds down thigh, ilium to tibia – flexes thigh and leg (to sit cross-legged)
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS – anterior thigh, to tibia – extends leg
HAMSTRING GROUP – posterior thigh, to tibia and fibula – flexes leg
GASTROCNEMIUS – calf of leg, to calcaneus – extends foot (as in tiptoeing)
TIBIAL ANTERIOR – anterior and lateral shin, to foot – dorsiflexes foot (as in walking on heels), inverts foot (sole inward)
PERONEUS LONGUS – lateral leg, to foot – everts foot (sole outward)
FLEXOR AND EXTENSOR DIGITORUM GROUP – anterior and posterior leg, to toes – flex and extend toes
